Subtitles by OnDemandKorea
In order to keep global peace and sustain a safe world,
many heads of state would gather at the UN for summit meetings.
On the other hand, there are those who were never officially sent,
but who claim that they represent their own countries.
Such people have gathered for a Non Summit Meeting for the peace of world's youths.
We hereby open up the floor.
I'm Jeon Hyun-moo, the chairman of the borderless youth committee, Non-summit.
I'm Secretary General Yoo Se-yoon.
I'm Chairman Sung Si-kyung.
We're Jeon-Yoo-Sung!
(Welcome, Representatives!)
Before we go ahead and invite today's non-summit guest,
I'll introduce new female representatives with us today.
Located in the south of the Arabian Peninsula, a mysterious and magical
country... From Yemen!
Suhella!
I'm Suhella from Yemen. I'm currently majoring in political science in
Seoul University.
I hope to work for an international NGO for human rights in the future.
Hello!
I'm Suhella from Yemen.
I'm 23 years old.
I'm studying political science in Seoul University.
I hope to work for an international NGO for human rights in the future.
- You're a great speaker! - She is!
Is that a turban?
Yes, it's a turban.
- Not a hijab? - No.
Not every woman wears a hijab in Yemen.
I just wore this today because it's a special day, and I wanted to look pretty.
- Just as a fashion item then? - Yes, for fashion.
Isn't it pretty?
It's a very stylish turban.
I have a question.
I just don't know much about Yemen.
Oh, Christian!
Aren't you wearing a turban also?
It looks like it, right?
Oh, it's just on your left side.
(An "unbalanced" turban style)
But it's not that the turban's not a hijab, but it's a kind of a hijab.
A hijab is something that covers a person's head.
But you're able to express more colors and styles through a turban.
There are different types.
Yes, it's for the same purpose.
I think it'll fit you well, Hyun-moo.
Anything from the Middle East fits me well.
Next, from a central country in East Africa,
Kenya!
(A country of highlands, famous for wild life)
(Kenya, a central country in East Africa)
Phillys is here from Kenya.
My name is Phyllis, and I'm from Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.
I've been living in Korea for 6 years.
I'm in an international business management program
in Sookmyung Women's University.
Hello!
I'm Phyllis from Kenya.
I'm in an international business management program
in Sookmyung Women's University.
My brother John came on this show before.
It was "the world of animals" episode.
Wow, that's your real brother?
Yes, he is.
(A brother-and-sister appears in the same show!)
I can do much better than that.
I look forward to what the two new female representatives will be sharing.
Now we'll bring out the non-summit representative.
We have a doctor couple from Seoul University, so they feel a little
unrealistic.
But they fight in a very realistic way.
Everyone's favorite doctor couple,
Hong Hye-geol and Yeo Esther!
(Hong Hye-geol and Yeo Esther are representing Korea today)
(Yeo Esther, a preventive medicine physician)
(Hong Hye-geol is a medicine columnist)
(The unbeatable physical couple)
Please introduce yourselves.
Hello, I'm a physician.
Treatment is important in being healthy, but preventive measures are important, too.
I studied preventive medicine.
(It's nice to meet you!)
I am a journalist who specializes in medicine.
I come on TV from time to time, and also give lectures.
I do various things as a freelancer.
You're the first journalist who was a doctor, right? In Korea?
I started in journalism in 1992.
I was the first to be that case.
Why did you change your field after studying so hard to be a doctor?
I love meeting people and writing.
So I wanted to do something that fits me well.
That's what I thought until now, but I found out the truth recently.
It's actually because he was rejected by a woman he liked,
and he wanted to prove himself to her by becoming the first in something.
Esther, there's no need to talk about that here.
Are you guys reading a script?
(It feels like a sitcom)
Her name is "Esther," so it feels like a foreign TV show, dubbed in translation.
He sounds like a voice actor, too!
Esther! What is it? (A famous short skit)
("Immature Esther and Mean Hye-geol")
How do you guys normally call each other?
Oh, we don't call each other "honey" or things like that.
I usually call him "Hye-geol," and he calls me...
Esther.
So we just call each other by name.
Never called each other "honey"?
- Never, I think. - Even at home?
How about when you guys fight?
I still call him Hye-geol when I'm mad.
He also calls me Esther but sometimes he calls me "Chubby Cheeks."
No one's laughing, Esther!
You're not so funny right now.
No, it's interesting!
Why don't you try being funny for once, then?
It's such an old style of comedy.
("Esther and Hye-geol, a classic movie")
Esther, there's no need to talk about that here.
No one's laughing, Esther!
You're not so funny right now.
Why don't you try being funny for once, then?
Oh, Esther...
("Esther and Hye-geol, a classic movie," the end)
(The movie is quite a hit!)
They're famous for arguing like this.
They're known as "Tom and Jerry" couple on TV.
I heard from our staff that you already got in a fight in the waiting room?
Well, debates are required when discussing medicine, so we argue in those times.
But we're very friendly normally.
We have a very good relationship, actually.
You have to stop doing this sitcom thing.
(The comedian couple in perfect harmony)
But we've been living together for 25 years now.
So we live together at home, and we also work together.
We go on the same TV show every week.
So we're always together.
Then next time... Let's sit separately.
"We'll talk about this when we get home."
"Your jokes are a little too harsh today, Esther."
But it'll be a very interesting show today.
It's not often we get a physician and a journalist in the field of medicine.
So we'll have a time to ask questions for the doctor couple here.
Anything you were curious about, that you couldn't ask doctor before.
In Canada, we have this style of cooking steak called, "Pittsburgh Rare,"
on top of having rare and medium rare.
It's to eat steak that's been purposely burned.
It's totally black.
And I heard that Koreans says it can cause cancer. Is that true?
That's absolutely true!
- Really? - Yes, absolutely.
If meat is burned, especially from direct fire or smoke,
a very strong cancerous element called PAH is on that meat that's burned black.
It's best not to eat meat burned like that.
It's better if you scrap off the burned parts, you can even be a little compulsive.
I also heard that you'd have to eat a ton of burned meat to get cancer.
So we don't have to worry.
That's definitely not true.
A ton? That's nonsense.
It's true in terms of health, but burned meat does taste good.
So if you've been eating a full meal of burned steak, just eat less now.
When I was in my 30s, I had colorectal polyp.
It was because I'd eat 20 burned pieces of squid at a time.
What kind of a doctor eats like that?
(Even I don't do that...)
I've always loved meat that's a little burned.
Even ribs, I liked them practically burned.
So to eat like that 2 or 3 times a week is a terrible eating habit for your health.
Is that only for meat?
How about bread? Sometimes toasts come out burned.
Nothing cancerous comes out when you burn things that are from plants.
It's the meat that's the problem.
Yes, it's the protein.
As you can see, I'm a little skinny.
And I heard from others many times, especially in Korea, that I should
gain some weight.
Which made me curious, is there a relationship between how skinny
a person is and his health?
- Do you want to hear an honest answer? - Yes, yes.
(How scary!)
We can now treat heart diseases and cancer,
but a doctor can't help you from having your bones broken from osteoporosis.
The skinny male has a greater chance of having osteoporosis.
(Looking pale)
You look particularly skinny today.
(Feeling too skinny)
There's a thing called total mortality rate, where people measure a total
death rate in the same population in the same time period.
Just like people who are obese, people who are too skinny compared to the average
weight have a high rate of mortality.
So, of course it's bad to be overweight, but it's also bad to be underweight.
It's OK for now, since you're still young.
But once you start getting older, you need to grow more muscle mass.
But don't say that to someone who can't gain weight naturally,
you should tell him that you'd gain weight over time naturally.
You guys are talking about something so cruel a lot.
You'll gain weight in time. My husband was about 20% skinnier before he was married.
But if you marry a good wife, you can gain weight.
You used to weigh 65 kg?
Yes, I weighed just 65 kg before I was married.
But now I weigh 85 kg.
I gained 20 kg!
I think you're actually overweight by now.
(She can change his mood at any given point)
You guys should always be together.
I always shake my legs, it's a habit.
(Shake shake)
(Nick's legs are always moving)
They say in Korea that it's unlucky to shake your legs.
So every Korean tells me to stop, over and over.
But I looked it up on the Internet, and someone said it's actually good for you.
I want to know if that's true.
That... (Blocks her off)
(He strikes first!)
He was a little quicker!
They need buzzers installed.
OK, Hong Hye-geol!
Is it out of your control? Shaking your legs, like compulsive?
Or do you just like it?
I just can't stand not moving.
(Me too!)
Then that means you're healthy.
That's a good thing, you're actually exercising.
But there's a condition called "restless legs syndrome," and some people have this.
These people can't stop shaking their legs even when they want to.
More and more you think about it, your legs shake even harder.
It's usually coupled with snoring at night in sleep.
Such a case has a high chance of heart disease.
In that case, it needs to be treated.
Oh, I can stop mine, for sure.
Nick, I can see that you're slim.
It'll help you stay in shape by shaking your legs, you're using up calories.
Wow, really?
Ogi, never shake your legs!
You're gonna die if you do!
(He's keeping great posture for sure)
Oh, and there's a study done in Europe.
They had students shake their legs or spin bicycle wheels under their desks.
It actually helped them focus better since it pumped more blood to their brains.
Their grades improved, too.
(The method has already been implemented in some schools)
We're barely getting to our main topic today.
Let's see what case they wanted to bring up today.
I'm also curious how you argued about this case.
Let's have both of you read it together.
Because I studied preventive medicine, I brought up this case because I think
preventive measures are just as important as treatments.
Whenever I travel overseas, I worry about getting a disease from that country.
Am I abnormal?
I can see that.
Does this apply to both of you?
We study a lot ahead and prepare before we go.
Do you check for everything even when you go to Southeast Asia,
and take all the shots?
Yes, when we go to tropical countries like Southeast Asia or Africa.
Major cities are OK.
But if you're being a little adventurous,
you have to make sure to get vaccination for malaria and such.
It's because people who catch things like malaria from, let's say, Africa,
have not taken vaccine medicine for malaria before entering.
It's the vacation season right now, too.
Are there particular seasonal diseases people should watch out for?
China is under AI watch.
Travelers need to watch out for cholera and yellow fever in Africa.
If you go to the ministry of foreign affairs' website,
it displays what infectious diseases are popular in which country, in real time.
It'll be helpful to check that before you leave the country.
Are there diseases foreigners need to watch out for before coming to Korea?
Yes, there are.
Like, watch out when you go to Seoul for these!
Embarrassingly, Korea has two popular contagious diseases compared to others.
One of them is tuberculosis.
Another is hepatitis B.
Korea's actually the top country in the world for these two diseases.
So people need to be careful not to be around those who are coughing hard and
who are suspicious of having tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis: a bacterial disease with the growth of nodules in the lungs.
For hepatitis B, it's OK to share shot glasses.
But it's safer to use condom while having an intercourse.
It's contagious through bodily fluids, that's why.
How about sharing toilets?
Toilets are OK, but not shavers.
Nail clippers are not OK, either.
- Understood. - It's very interesting.
Episode 158's topic, am I abnormal to worry about diseases when I travel?
We'll open up the floor for our main discussion.
First, let's take a look at contagious diseases from around the world.
The Zika virus has been a serious case in the United States since last year.
The Zika virus, which used to be active only in Central and South America,
is now spreading all over the world.
If a pregnant woman is infected with this virus and it's passed on to the fetus,
it causes infants with microcephalia to be born.
Most infants with microcephalia die in the womb or immediately after being born.
Even if they do survive, they often suffer from cerebral palsy or become
blind or deaf.
It originally started from Central and South America.
But it's become a serious case in Florida, where my parents live.
I was very worried since my parents are there.
Later, it was discovered that not only is the virus spread through mosquitoes,
but also through sexual intercourse.
It made me worry very much since people who didn't travel can catch it.
It was reported that the mosquito repellant sales in America increased dramatically.
It's a huge problem in Mexico too, with the Zika virus.
Stagnant water is the main cause of the Zika virus;
It's because the mosquitoes gather around stagnant water.
So the Mexican government has been doing a campaign to get rid of
places of stagnant water.
For example, getting rid of places with stagnant water near the streets,
and not only that, also having water contained somewhere in homes.
Many efforts are being made to promote the campaign.
There are dangers of dengue figure, malaria, and yellow fever in Pakistan.
These diseases are spread through mosquitoes.
One of the biggest issues among them is
called, "chikungunya" disease.
It's a newly-formed infectious disease.
About 1,000 people have been infected with it since last year.
No fatality yet, but it's still worrisome.
Mosquitoes again, right?
Yes, you're right.
It causes continuous pain in joints.
My biggest worry during summer is that I get a lot of mosquito bites.
I think it's because I'm blood type B that I get them more than others.
- So your blood is tastier? - Yes!
But is that true? Blood type B is more prone for mosquito bites?
Is there a blood type mosquitoes prefer?
There's a limited research done in Japan, where Ogi is from.
They released 100 mosquitoes with samples of different blood types.
It wasn't blood type B, but it was type O that attracted the most mosquitoes.
I get so many mosquito bites!
So blood type O is the most popular among mosquitoes.
I knew it!
- Anyone with blood type O? - Me!
And Phyllis!
- Do you get a lot of mosquito bites? - Yes, I do.
So that's the case, but the reason why Simlin gets a lot of mosquito bites
is that you don't shower after working out.
(He's giving away blood samples for the mosquitoes!)
I shower at least twice a day!
And he doesn't exercise.
I can see that you're very slim, and it might be because you have good
blood circulation, which is the case for pregnant women.
That causes your body temperature to rise.
And mosquitoes prefer people with higher body temperatures.
So if possible, try to stay in cool places.
Also wear loose clothing, rather than something tight.
Also try a white jacket, rather than blue.
why are you yelling at him?
Sorry about that.
Oh, I wasn't yelling at him...
I'm just giving him medical advices.
If you still get a lot of mosquito bites even after trying all these things...
Well, they're so itchy, no matter how much medicine you put on, right?
Then dip a tea spoon in boiling water for a second,
take it out when it's about 48 degrees, and put it on the mosquito bite.
Then it won't feel itchy anymore.
Formic acid, which is pretty much the mosquito poison,
causes itchiness and pain.
But the acid changes if it's exposed to heat between 40 to 50 degrees.
So you just have to be patient for 20 to 30 seconds.
This is what you called science!
When I was little, I was told to apply toothpaste to mosquito bites.
(Shake shake)
That won't work.
Toothpaste or spit can increase the chances of infection.
So like I said before, put a tea spoon in boiling water and apply it.
I have another question regarding mosquito bites.
Is there a limit to how much blood a mosquito eats?
Or does it continuously suck blood?
It sucks blood until it's so full that it might even burst, until it lays eggs.
Then the same one biting me again?
Because I feel like there's just one mosquito in the room, but I'd end up
with many bites!
It moves around, moving from one restaurant to another.
A mosquito is able to suck blood as much as 3 time its weight.
So we have to be careful.
(A female mosquito must suck in as much blood as possible for its eggs)
(More blood it takes in, more eggs it can lay)
You're doctors, and you know so much about mosquitoes!
It's so interesting!
It is, right? I'm a doctor in preventive medicine!
It's definitely relevant.
How about Kenya, Phyllis?
Cholera has been popular in Kenya recently.
There were 50 hotel guests who were found with cholera-like symptoms.
And last year, 13,000 people were infected.
Among them 216 died.
It's a very serious matter.
Cholera has been spreading in Yemen, too.
Sadly, 1,300 people have died since April of this year.
20% of the dead were children.
Right now, Yemen is going through a huge political upheaval.
So the government is not able to take care of its people.
- It's not being resolved then. - No, it's not.
- Because of an on-going civil war? - Yes.
Cholera, like dysentery,
is spread through water.
But it's incredibly infectious.
Even without any water, a person can catch it with just 10 cholera viruses.
- So with any chance possible? - Yes, any contact with a carrier.
A tiny bit of contact with feces or anything can spread it.
That's why you have to boil water every single time. That's the safest.
Two diseases were widely spread in Japan.
One was called, "killer bacteria."
When people catch this, their hands and feet start to get cold.
They have no choice but to amputate.
It's a very scary thing, the mortality rate is about 30%.
That was big in Japan.
- What's that? - Oh man, what is that?
The terminal joint is rotting.
That needs to be amputated.
When people with low level of immunity go near a lake or something,
and get infected with bacteria through open wounds maybe from swimming...
So it's through bacteria?
Yes, so people with open wounds should not go swimming.
Amputation is the only way?
Another disease that's been big in Japan is syphilis.
It's a venereal disease.
And it's reported that many women in their 20s have been
contracting this disease.
According to a research done in America, waxing increases chance of infection.
Waxing increases chance of contracting syphilis?
Waxing hair off needs to be done in a sanitary environment.
A person who already has syphilis might work there and somehow gets in contact
from tools used or something can spread it.
Or if the person who's being waxed has syphilis, then the technician will get it.
It's not 100% syphilis is spread through every sexual encounter,
but it's spread even more through open wounds on people's skin.
100% in those cases.
In Swiss, there aren't too many places that are so dense in population like
Islamabad, Tokyo, or New York.
The rate of being infected is a little less than other countries.
But a disease called Lyme disease was big in Swiss.
It wasn't there before but it started to spread though ticks.
Due to global warming, ticks started to breed more in Swiss.
So you can see a lot of warning signs regarding ticks and mites.
And it's something that should not be ignored.
We took a trip to Canada about 18 years ago, in 1999.
And Canada is known to not have many infectious diseases.
But I rolled around on the ground in the Forrest in Canada when I was there.
Then I came back to Korea.
And I was in a car, and all of sudden I felt pain in my back like...
It was painful enough that I almost fainted.
She was diagnosed to have contracted a mysterious disease, and suffered
for 2 weeks, with high fever and muscle ache.
She barely survived!
Later we found out that, though we still don't know the specific cause,
she was bitten by ticks there.
So the point here is that, though nature is great, but it can be dangerous to
get in direct contact with it on your bare skin without clothes.
Korea also went through MERS crisis in 2015.
There's also been a more recent warning against Japanese encephalitis.
What did your country go through in terms of infectious diseases?
You just mentioned Japanese encephalitis.
And I wanted to clarify something so no one misunderstands.
Because the disease has the word "Japanese" in the name that people think it's
only in Japan.
- That's not that case? - No.
It's just that a Japanese person discovered the bacteria first.
Hence the name, "Japanese encephalitis."
- I didn't know that! - Me neither.
It's actually found more in Southeast Asia where the climate is more humid.
In Japan, less than 10 people catch this disease.
So Japanese encephalitis is actually not found commonly in Japan.
Right, and there are lots of vaccines for it too.
SARS first began in Guangdong in China, in 2002.
But it became explosively infectious by February of 2003.
It became a cause of global fear, not just in China.
Unless the MERS crisis, Korea did a good job in defending
against SARS.
Yes, the leader is very important!
Oh, water! It tastes so good! (Pretending not to have heard)
The United States went through an AIDS fear.
People didn't know how it was contracted, so there were many false reports.
People thought it spread through kissing or using others' forks.
Or even just through touch!
People were very worried then.
It was a very scary epidemic.
Since the 1980s until now, there have been 67,000 deaths caused by AIDS.
- But it's curable now, right? - People no longer die from it.
Look at Magic Johnson, he's been alive for the past 30 years with AIDS.
Just need to take medicine everyday.
The medicine for AIDS used to be very expensive, and in Kenya,
it used to go for 25 dollars to 50 dollars at a time, very expensive.
Now medicine that costs about 4 dollars is supplied in Kenya.
Medicine for AIDS has become a lot cheaper.
It's curable.
I did hear that it is difficult though, to take that medicine.
Yes, there are side effects to it.
- Do you have to take it forever? - Yes, your entire life.
Swine Influenza was big in Yemen around 2009.
It actually came from Mexico, to Yemen.
Many people were infected with it.
It's a new influenza, it came into Korea, too.
Several tens of thousands of people contracted it.
But it originated from Mexico, I'm sorry Christian.
While it was going around in Mexico,
Obama became the new president in the United States.
He visited Mexico as a national guest.
Then Obama went to the national museum of Mexico during the visit.
An old curator of the museum guided Obama, every corner of the museum.
And the day right after that visit, the curator died.
- I know that story. - Just overnight!
Later they found out that he was infected with Swine Influenza.
It would've been disastrous if Obama had weak immunity and contracted it.
No symptoms from the curator?
He had them, he was coughing, but thought it was a cold.
It starts off like a cold, but your head starts to hurt, and your cheeks.
Mexico didn't know about the influenza then.
Korea didn't know either.
What happens to people who have strong immunity?
Let's say someone takes in a lot of protein, sleeps well, has lots of vitamin D,
so people with stronger immunity will catch it less.
And people who don't drink a lot of alcohol.
Many Mexicans during that time would take a lot of vitamin C, oranges and stuff.
They wanted more vitamin C.
No, they need vitamin D.
Not "C," but "D."
Please tell the people of Mexico they need vitamin D.
OK, I will...
Vitamin C is for soldiers or students who are already working too hard.
If they take vitamin C, the period of being sick from cold and things is shortened.
Or the degree of their symptoms lessens.
But it's actually vitamin D that's related to a person's immunity.
The best is to be under the sunlight.
But the problem is that, for those who have darker skin like myself,
vitamin D isn't produced so well under the natural sunlight.
For people who are more pale, it's easy for their bodies to produce vitamin D.
And people who have too much fat, like in their stomach,
vitamin D goes into their fat, actually.
So it doesn't help with their immunity.
People should lose their belly fat and drink less alcohol.
Then how can people take vitamin D from food?
Mushrooms, animal intestines, milk, egg yolk...
Europe went through a period of many infectious diseases.
The time period when France went through serious infectious diseases was
was the Middle Age.
It was during the 100-year-war between France and England.
Another time was during WWI.
That was when France was in war against Germany.
Spanish influenza was big then.
(36% of the world's population died from it between 1918 and 1920)
(An unprecedented biological disaster to humanity)
But it's no coincidence.
Wars actually cause these diseases to spread.
Wars and epidemics are related.
It's because people were living apart from each other,
people start to mix more.
Not only that, during war times, people lack food thus nutrition,
working late outside, so their immunity drops.
About a million French people died during WWI as war causalities.
But just in a few months, 25,000 people died from the Spanish influenza.
Globally speaking, it's the same number as people who died in WWII.
50 million people died in just 2 years.
The Gates Foundation did a simulation.
If the same disease was to spread, it'll spread even faster today because
of planes and cars. Many more will die.
During the Japanese Colonial Period in Korea,
there was an influenza that killed almost 100,000 people back then.
What can we do about that? Is there a way?
So in order to prepare for an epidemic like that, the scientists would go to
Alaska and get dead bodies that have not decayed, those who died of
Spanish influenza, and study it.
They do have a database of those genes, so if something similar happens,
they can disinfect and vaccinate.
But there can be mutated versions of the disease, right?
Even then...
Just because you get flu shots, it doesn't mean that you don't catch cold, it's true.
But over the years of getting those shots, your body develops general immunity.
You need shingles shots, and flu shots.
How about Botox shots?
Maybe mix them all in and take it all at once.
(On your face?)
Did the Spanish influenza start from Spain?
Many people misunderstand because of the name.
But the first patient was found in Chicago, the United States.
It was called "the Spanish flu" because it was during WWI, and
the government and the media would not report on the disease.
But Spain was not part of the war, so it did report on the flu.
So it was only mentioned in the Spanish newspapers.
That's why it was called that.
That was when the French government would censor.
It was because it was a war time.
There are several countries that the government has warned but public about.
What do you think about that?
Do you think traveling to countries with infectious diseases should be banned?
Or should it be based on personal choice?
Who thinks it should be banned?
(Ban: 8, Personal choice: 5)
Just because a person is traveling there, it doesn't mean that the person
will catch the it for sure.
I think the travelers should choose that for themselves.
What I was thinking was that, when the Ebola virus was huge,
the Kenyan government should've educated its people, instead of banning travels to
places like Sierra Leone or Liberia.
If people did travel there, they should've been thoroughly checked.
So do make it known though.
Wouldn't the government have to spend so much money for it then?
I think it'd be more efficient to ban travels to such countries.
The government needs to protect its people.
For the benefit of all, right?
Yes, I think the government has a right to do that.
If people absolutely have to go to those places,
they can sign off a waiver that they'll be completely responsible for such choices.
I don't think the government has the right to do that.
There's an agreement for countries who are a part of WHO agreement.
Even in cases like the Ebola virus, isolating the countries can bring
adverse effects, actually.
Even if the government doesn't have the right, it's still responsible.
In a bit of a different light, there are governments that ban travels to
war zones or countries with many terrorist attacks.
Then isn't it the same thing? Shouldn't travels be banned to countries with
infectious diseases?
There's actually no country that's completely safe and without danger.
Even car accidents, these things can happen anywhere.
But that's something to be cautioned.
But the level of danger is completely different.
It's a contagious disease. With just one person infected,
the entire population can contract it.
If you ban people from traveling to a certain country,
the country might feel discriminated.
For the case of the Ebola virus, people couldn't travel there and people
couldn't get out of there.
It's true, it's discrimination.
A bar in Korea put out a sign that banned Africans from coming.
Totally blocking off.
That was a huge issue. It's discrimination.
I think it makes sense that the government is protecting its own people.
I think it should be accepted.
How about big countries like China or India?
It's not like the entire country is infected.
Should people be banned from going to anywhere in China?
I have a question, Nick.
Wouldn't you be sad if no one stopped you from going to a dangerous country?
I have a different question.
What if it was based on personal choice to travel, but the person ends up
spreading it back home.
Is that OK?
If someone did travel there, the government would know that it happened.
Then the traveler can be checked thoroughly once back.
There's also a thing called incubation period.
So let's hear their opinion around this time.
First I thought it should be banned.
But I heard others' opinions, and it makes sense.
Why are you going back and forth?
It depends, case by case.
For example, if a terrible flu started to spread like back in 1918,
then it'd be the right thing to do to ban travels legally.
But the most infectious diseases we have now are not to that degree.
So isolation can lead to discrimination.
It doesn't feel so humane.
Being humane is important, but also is not harming those around us.
She's right!
I'm not saying the travel bans should be continuous.
But WHO or a foreign ministry of a country can set a limited time line for such a ban.
And adapt thereafter, quickly.
So it means banning itself is an extreme measure.
No, it's not!
Even in the Korean government website, there are warnings based on
countries and time periods that people should refrain from traveling.
Even in the city of Seoul, just today,
did you know that the city makes forecast on mosquitoes?
It says that we should not be out at night today because
the mosquitoes might be irritable.
And they'd bite even more.
So these warnings are posted everyday.
Yes, it's fine to make things known like that.
- But to ban travel... - A martial law because of mosquitoes!
It's true that my husband is a doctor, but
he also doesn't like following rules.
(Ignores her)
You like to drink, and think about the time you got tuberculosis! Our children
had to suffer.
Our kids could've gotten pleurisy!
(Exposed.)
When our kids were 3 and 4 years old
he was diagnosed with pleurisy.
That means, there was a chance that
he had tuberculosis...
Pleurisy is trending right now.
So I suggested a quarantine for 2 weeks
because it wouldn't be contagious
after 2 weeks of medication.
But he couldn't do it.
He was kissing our kids.
I was so scared.
Hye-gul, what have you got to say?
Latent period is important.
I could've harmed the country
because I was being careless.
But...
Although some simple coughs
can be serious...
I don't think a travel ban is right.
People who travel into restricted countries
are required to fill out a form
and a fine up to $10,000
if they get hospitalized.
Body heat detecting machines
are also installed for screenings.
Let's talk about how
the quarantine process works.
Let's talk about the cases
where the disease was handled well.
When MERS broke out in Korea,
one man died from MERS in Germany.
So the German government
inspected everyone he met
before he went to the hospital
which was over 200 people.
So no one else was diagnosed for MERS.
MERS started from the Middle East.
A lot of Muslims go to Saudi Arabia
every year for haji.
When MERS became a big deal in 2015,
about 150,000 people from Pakistan
went to Saudi Arabia.
A lot of people were worried but
with masks provided, education,
and temperature screening at the airports,
it was dealt with very well.
My country didn't have a MERS problem.
The mad cow disease first started
in Great Britain.
It went to Ireland next
then Switzerland was third.
It was a big problem because
we have a lot of cows.
We were able to get over it
really quickly.
Even the UN recognized us
as a model example.
An example for how to handle it?
When it broke out in United States,
Swiss experts went there to help.
During the Ebola break out in 2014,
people who traveled to those countries
were banned from coming back.
They were allowed to come in
through 5 designated airports.
I think it was handled very well.
But there was one instance of controversy.
A nurse was in Africa
and she helped an Ebola patient there.
She came through an airport in New Jersey,
one of the 5 airports.
When she was examined,
there was no clear proof to tell
if she had Ebola or not.
So she was quarantined.
But this person said...
I'm a nurse.
I took all of the precautions.
I know that I don't have Ebola.
She even sued the governor
and was able to return to her home.
She even went around freely
because she said she doesn't have Ebola.
(Protesting on her bike.)
(But the courts overruled)
(the state government's request.)
People around her had a hard time.
I think, a person in the medical field,
should accept a quarantine
for other people
even if he or she may not
have any symptoms.
Isn't this similar to Dr. Hong?
Exactly!
(Trying to create a rift.)
It's not contagious without coughs.
Give me a minute!
If there are 5 Koreans,
two of them have tuberculosis.
Did you just point at our lungs?
Out of 20 OECD countries,
Korea has the most tuberculosis patients.
That's because 1 out of 3 people
have latent tuberculosis infections.
That has nothing to do with coughing.
Because of people like him...
You should apologize
if you want to last longer.
Let's talk about instances where we failed.
Kenya is a hub of airplanes that travel
between west Africa to east Africa.
During the Ebola break out,
a girl died at our airport
as soon as she landed.
(Shocked the whole country.)
But our government did not stop
the airplanes that came from west Africa.
They didn't ban the flights?
Yes.
Korean Air stopped flights
from going to Kenya.
A lot of Americans have gotten ill
in a cruise ships recently.
In one instance, 700 passengers
got infected by norovirus.
It was because they are in a ship together.
There are no places to go.
So sanitation is really important.
But maybe that ship wasn't
cleaned as thoroughly as it should've.
When a lot of people got infected,
they were told to stay in their rooms
and not come out.
They were locked in?
Although the rooms had to be cleaned too,
the staff wasn't allowed to go in either.
They had a hard time being
stuck in their rooms.
It was dubbed as the hell cruise.
Japan has fallen way behind
in preventing diseases recently.
We have a very strict standards
for vaccines because
a lot of people are worried
about the side effects.
That's why we didn't import a lot.
That lead to a massive outbreak
of rubella
because people weren't vaccinated.
The experts told our government
that we need to start vaccination
but our government ignored it.
I think we didn't handle that very well.
A lot of people became poor in Yemen
because of a political unrest.
Our government tells us to boil water
because of cholera.
You have to.
But gas price is really expensive in Yemen.
(Fuel price is too expensive)
(to prevent cholera.)
Gas price is too expensive?
When the swine flu went around in 2009,
our government...
Failed big time.
We bought a lot of vaccines
but the swine flu...
Disappeared.
(That sucks.)
We wasted so much money.
It's actually a good thing.
The outbreak wasn't that bad in France.
Isn't that important?
But it was so expensive.
We wanted to cancel but even if we did,
we had to pay penalties too.
(France called 50 million vaccines)
(and paid $62 million as a penalty.)
(Used 6 million vaccines)
(out of 94 million that were bought.)
When the swine flue went around,
the Canadian Department of Health
bought vaccines too.
We bought 150% more vaccines
than our total population.
We were able to get a good pricing
because we bought so much.
What's Canada's population?
It's 35 million people.
(Bought 50.4 million vaccines)
(for 34 million people.)
That's enough for 75% of the country
to get vaccinated twice.
Let's talk about how
each countries
take care of diseases.
As you guys know,
the headquarter of the Red Cross
is in Switzerland.
Not only that but the WHO,
and Medicins Sans Frontiere is in Geneva.
They're not Swiss organizations.
They're international organizations.
The responsibilities of these organizations
are sending medical personnel to countries
with an epidemic.
Researching about diseases.
Developing medical systems
in other countries.
They try to solve the secondary problems
caused by epidemics.
CDC, the Center for Disease Control
is in Georgia, Atlanta.
It was founded during the WWII.
It started out
by trying to stop malaria.
As the time passed,
it took on more diseases.
It takes care of almost every diseases
in United States now.
Esther talked about preventions before.
For a prevention,
CDC made something funny.
It's how to survive zombies.
It was made for fun.
(Surviving zombies in a cartoon.)
(It's actually helpful)
(to other emergencies as well.)
Its lesson is that a prevention
is really important before
something actually happens.
Korea has a reserve army.
France has reserve doctors and nurses.
Retired people?
Both retired and who didn't.
They're required to serve 45 days a year
during emergencies.
You can actually refuse to do so.
It's kind of a community service.
Korea doesn't?
Not really.
Sometimes when you're in an airplane and
a flight attendant makes an announcement
looking for a doctor...
4 or 5 years ago,
a white male was unconscious
in an economy seat.
He was over 120kg and he was
wearing a tie.
Like this.
I dragged him down, untied his tie.
His wife was crying.
In that pose?
Do you always talk to people like this?
(Esther Yeo's style of talking to people.)
When I untied his tie,
his pupils seemed fine.
His tie was on too tight.
He choked himself?
Yes.
People faint from this in movies.
(Attacks his neck?)
(Doesn't care.)
When I was treating him
and was about to give him a shot,
he opened his eyes.
That's when I was glad to be a doctor.
That must've felt great.
In Mexico...
We have steps.
When a flu was going around,
all the schools were closed.
That's the first step.
If things get worse,
all the stores get closed.
It's to stop the flu from spreading.
(There are 5 total steps.)
Our department of health is called SSA.
They made a few very famous ads.
There are two most popular ones.
A lot of Mexicans have diabetes.
They made an ad to prevent that.
So the diabete's song would be like...
Seriously.
(This is what Christian was talking about.)
(Get checked.)
(Get measured.)
(Get moving.)
Get checked, measured and get moving.
(Perfect lyrics for diabetes prevention.)
Get checked, measured and get moving.
Seriously!
That's one.
The second one is
about taking care of your health overall.
Drink a lot of water,
eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
And exercise a lot.
Do you remember everything?
Every Mexican would know.
It's in all of the commercials.
It's in a childish voice.
It's called, 1,2,3.
1! Drink a lot of water.
2!
Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
3!
Exercise a lot.
1,2,3 for you.
Finish it!
1,2,3 for you!
(Satisfied.)
Every Mexican hates this song.
Everyone.
It's famous but...
Played too much?
It's on all the time.
Ads don't play at the beginning and the end
like for this show.
They play every 15 minutes.
That stress will make you even more sick!
What do you think about Korea?
I think in Korea...
Doctors do a good job.
But the thing is...
Quarantine experts
should be in high positions
to have control over the process.
One positive thing is that
the Korean CDC is being promoted
to a bigger department.
So I think it'll get better.
They'll get more authorities.
(They'll have control over)
(their personnel and budget.)
Did any of you guys become sick before?
Or what do you do to get better?
I know a way to not get sick.
Don't try to be too clean.
(He's right.)
I was curious about this too.
Some people believe this.
Does it help our immune system?
Exactly.
For example, don't do your dishes
right away.
Clean it with a kitchen towel
and olive oil.
That's good enough.
I 100% agree with Guillaume.
I lived in a lot of countries since
I was a kid.
I think that's why my immune system
is strong.
My cousin lived in Switzerland
all his life.
Because Switzerland is too clean,
my cousin is always sick
and has allergies.
Is that true?
If you're environment is too sanitary,
does your immune system get weaker?
Does that make sense?
It does.
Living in an enclosed space
with absolutely no germs isn't good.
Getting outside, playing with sand,
kids who did that have less chance
of getting atopy, rhinitis and asthma.
It's actually good for your health.
But you don't have to try to be dirty.
Just go befriend nature.
So don't be deliberately dirty.
His theory applies to allergies or asthma.
But for contagious diseases,
being clean is better.
(I see.)
I was surprised when I came to Korea
because when Koreans sneeze...
(They don't cover up.)
Old men's sneezes are crazy.
A lot of foreigners think that.
Because we tend to cover our mouth
when we sneeze.
Our government told us to.
With your sleeves?
If people are close by,
we don't use our sleeves,
we go inside our clothes.
(That's good.)
That's what I'm used to.
I'm a bit nervous about that here.
It's like a dragon spitting fire.
I heard it can go up to 2 meters.
It goes really far.
When my dad used to sneeze,
I thought he just wanted to scream.
That's how he sneezed!
I wondered how it could be so loud.
Why do sneezes get louder
as you get older?
Because as you get older,
your cough reflex gets weaker.
When you were young,
it didn't take much to cough.
But as you get older,
you have to use more power.
Japan has 3 steps to prevent diseases.
They are, washing hands.
Brushing teeth.
And wearing masks.
So many people wear masks in Japan.
I was surprised when I came to Korea
because not a lot of men
wash their hands in restrooms.
I went to the restroom and...
Even when I was in there first,
the guy who came in after me
left quicker than I did.
He didn't even look at the faucet.
He just left.
Washing hands is so important.
Very important.
There's one thing you should know
about washing your hands in restrooms.
When men washes their hands,
after your business,
that's in a wrong order.
Because out of your hands
and your penis,
which one's more dirty?
Your hands are so much dirtier.
So before you urinate,
wash your hands.
That's the right order.
(Wash your hands, urinate then wash again.)
So wash again after?
Does anyone here wash your hands first?
I do!
Really?
Some people try to touch
as little as possible.
(Agrees.)
Some people are like that, right?
I was surprised.
The most important thing
that you should keep in mind
is not touching your face.
But when you get old...
You tend to wash your face without water.
I keep doing this now.
Maybe my blood doesn't circulate well.
It's because you're lonely.
I get tears when I'm cold too.
(Sad...)
Just assume your hands are full of virus.
Don't rub your eyes, nose
and put fingers in your mouth.
Even if you rubbed your eyes accidentally,
drink a lot of water.
When membranes get wet,
virus can't enter your body.
Drink a lot of water.
When it's dry inside due to
air conditioning,
drink a lot of water
and don't touch your face.
If I went, guess who!
From behind you...
Is that bad?
You'll get a sty!
Guess who!
Esther's about to scream!
I head the hand drier machines
in restrooms aren't actually
sanitary.
Ogi has a lot of questions today.
I don't understand why he's so curious.
We went to the restroom together
before we started shooting.
He just took one hand and did this.
I only used one hand!
(Just washed one of his hands...?)
I only used one hand!
The reason why I always wash my hands
in a public place is
because people like Ogi
might criticize me.
I wash my hands...
It's okay if you dry your hands like this.
But if you do this, germs flow down.
If you washed your hands,
point your hands up?
That's why surgeons do this
before surgeries.
(That's why...)
Let's all walk out like this.
I just peed.
We're supposed to use bidets
in public restrooms either, right?
If they're not clean.
You should carry baby wipes with you.
Some melt in water these days.
So you can just throw it away.
That's dangerous.
Why?
It rips easily.
(My fingers...)
I thought I was wiping...
But they're really well made these days!
They're so soft.
The worst disease I had was...
A chicken pox.
My older brother got it first.
My mom put me with him
so I get it too.
So Alex had a chicken pox before?
Yes.
Then you'll never get it again.
Europeans think...
Just get it when you're young.
Do Koreans get vaccinated?
Of course.
It's required.
I got one but I still got it.
The vaccine doesn't mean
you won't get it 100%.
It's 70 to 80% effective.
The rest is up to your immune system.
Some parents don't vaccinate their children
these days.
(Trying to strengthen their children's)
(immune system by forgoing vaccinations.)
What are the issues in your countries
about vaccinations?
You have to wait a long time
at medical centers in Canada.
So from 2009, people can get vaccinated
at pharmacies.
It's safe because pharmacists
administer it themselves.
It'll be easier to access it as well.
I think it's not a bad idea.
Americans think vaccination is important.
I think we have a good system too.
But there has been
an anti-vaccination movement these days.
They doubt vaccinations
and decided to not get them.
There have been some reports
in the past that were inaccurate.
There was an inaccurate report
how vaccinations can cause autism
with a child.
That's how the anti-vaccination movement
began and it grew bigger.
There has been a lot of controversies
among parents online lately.
In Japan,
two children died after getting
a vaccination for
Japanese encephalitis.
Our trust in vaccinations
was weak at best before anyways.
It caused more people to lose faith.
And the government didn't recommend it
from the year 2005 to 2010.
But the problem became worse
when the two children died.
That's one incident
that made vaccinations a huge issue.
But I think people are ignoring
the benefits from vaccinations.
A lot of people died in the past
when we didn't have vaccines.
Vaccination requirement is a big issue
these days.
Let's see if it's required
or not in your country.
Vaccination requirement is a big issue
these days.
Let's see if it's required
or not in your country.
It's pretty much required in United States.
It's required in almost all 50 states.
CDC makes a vaccination schedule.
It says you have to take 15 vaccinations
for 40 times until you're 18.
They check your vaccinations by
requiring to provide proof
when you go to school.
If you didn't,
you can't go to school.
It's required in China too.
There are two types.
Gab and eul.
Gab vaccinations is required.
If you don't,
you can't go to kindergarten.
In Pakistan,
polio was very widespread
until recently.
But since 2012,
the Taliban has strongly rejected
a need for vaccinations.
They threatened the nurses
and people who wanted vaccinations.
They even killed about 50 people.
Why?
When Osama Bin Laden was killed
a few years ago,
a doctor used vaccinations
to find where Bin Laden was hiding.
I think that's why
the Taliban is against it.
In 2014,
the government made polio vaccination
a requirement.
Children up to 5 years old
are required to get it.
There are only 3 that are required
in France.
Diphtheria, polio and tetanus.
Last month,
our minister of health
asked to increase the requirement
to 11 vaccinations.
(Will start in 2018.)
Is it required in Kenya?
It is.
If it wasn't,
since our level of education is low,
not a lot of people would know
when to get it
or even know what it is.
You get shots on a lower arm in Kenya?
Here.
Here
(Does the location matter?)
Does it matter where you get it?
Not really.
I disagree.
She disagrees!
I do.
Why?
Depending on the vaccine,
some shots are more effective
if administered right beneath the skin
and some are more effective
when the needle goes in the muscle.
For example,
when children get shots for hepatitis B,
because kids' butts aren't developed yet,
the shot is given on the thigh.
When they're over 2 years old,
that's when it's given
to their upper arms
because that's where
it'll least damage the nerves
and blood vessels.
Our upper arms are more developed
but maybe for Kenyans,
their forearms could be developed more.
What if you have huge biceps?
If you get it at a wrong place over there,
you'll damage your nerves
and your arm will fall off.
Your arm could get paralyzed too.
You have to be careful.
Sorry.
(They argue at the end too.)
Kenya gets shots here,
we get it here,
any countries get it anywhere else?
Stomach.
Stomach?
For people with diabetes.
Insulin?
Exactly.
Why is insulin shot given to your stomach?
You have to get it every day
so you administer it yourself.
(Where it's least painful.)
What country is it not required?
Germany?
Most people get it in Germany.
But it's not required by law.
But...
It created a big controversy this year.
Parents whose kids got vaccinated
refused to let kids who didn't
in to kindergartens.
But legally, they were allowed to go
to kindergarten...
But parents who got their kids vaccinated
were worried about their kids getting sick
because of kids who didn't get it
as chances of getting sick was higher.
That's why parents are fighting each other.
So some people think it'll be required
by end of this year.
It's not required in Switzerland.
But...
Different areas have different perceptions.
For example, in Geneva...
People think it should be required.
But near the border with Germany,
people think it should be a choice.
And in 2013,
there was a vote
trying to make it required
but most people thought
that it's still a personal choice.
It's weird in Japan.
It's required to make an effort.
Required to make an effort?
It's not required.
But you have to try.
So in one hand,
it's a personal choice.
It's because some poor people
don't have the money to get it.
I think it should be required.
Required to make an effort.
You're required to make an effort
in Yemen too.
Some people don't want vaccinations.
But some people want it to be required.
In Yemen,
vaccinations are provided by the government
at no costs.
You guys think it should be required?
It's not compulsory in Korea.
But as a preventive medicine doctor,
I think it should be required.
Some reports came from Japan
about vaccine's side effects.
But the side effects that the people got
wasn't conclusively proven
that it was caused by vaccination.
The chances of saving children
is much, much higher with vaccines.
If I had a kid again,
I would give vaccines again.
Preventing epidemics is complete
only when government provides information
and people actively participate in it.
If people trust each other,
no epidemics would spread like MERS did
ever again.
Can you tell us about diseases
you want us to know about
and common medical knowledge
that isn't true?
I really want to say this.
There was a sensational report
from American Urology Seminar this year.
There was a poll for ordinary men
who weren't patients.
They did DNA tests
by rubbing swabs
on the skin of their penis.
45% of them had papillomavirus.
What?
(Papillomavirus: Causes genital warts)
(or cervical cancer.)
This virus causes no symptoms on men.
But if it's sexually transmitted to women
from sex without condoms,
20 or 30 years later, women will get
cervical cancer.
As quickly as 15 years.
The result...
Was much higher than
the doctors' predictions.
From now on, I wish women
would ask the men
if they have HPV
and require to see the result
of the examinations.
Not only in Korea,
but in other countries as well,
this exam only costs about $40 or $50.
Can it be cured?
With medications?
Not exactly.
If you don't overwork your body
and get stronger immune system,
the benign virus could disappear.
There was a huge problem in Mexico
because of HPV.
The government even made a vaccine for it
but there was a controversy about
requiring female children from an early age
because it's a STD.
People were worried that
if could expose children to sex.
That's not true.
When girls turn 12,
HPV vaccines are free in Korea.
In countries where people have sex
at an earlier age,
people get it as early as 9 years old.
More importantly,
you can prevent cancer with a vaccine.
I'm so thankful for it.
Cervical cancer is easily detected
and curable.
But it's really hard for people
who do get it.
I wish men get vaccinated
for HPV too.
I think changing the perception
of getting STD examination is embarrassing
is important.
You're right.
It's a must.
Japan is very open minded but
we still think it's embarrassing.
It's a very rare case
but some people are born with HPV.
So you can just say
you were born with it.
(Esther's unexpected conclusion.)
Testing positive for HPV
can get very awkward between lovers.
So just say you were born with it.
Hong Hye-gul and Esther Yeo's agenda
for the 158th meeting was,
I'm worried about diseases of the countries
that I visit.
Am I abnormal?
They don't stop worrying
about people's health.
I hope they can spread
their knowledge to a lot of people.
Today was so fun.
What did you guys think of today?
Out of every shows that I did,
this is the first time I worked with
people so young and handsome.
I had a lot of fun.
Our kids love this show
and I try to watch it as much as I can too.
I loved the debate we had today.
But...
My wife did talk too much.
I'm sorry.
(Still arguing.)
I could've done better without him...
I learned a lot from them today.
(Thanks for a fun show.)
We'll finish our meeting for today.
Until we all become normal.
Disease prevention is very important.
It's important to catch the signals
sent by your body.
How do you do that?
Disease prevention is very important.
It's important to catch the signals
sent by your body.
How?
Raise your hands first...
(Shocked.)
That's it for today!
Today's ranking is museums
that get most visitors.
I was never this confident with Mexico
like I am now before!
(Beijing National Museum.)
(British Museum.)
(Vatican Museums.)
You can look at Egyptian treasures
while looking at the Central park.
We're at a disadvantage because
our history is short.
America has a short history too.
You stole them.
(Who's the winner?)
(A composite entertainer, Jung Yong-hwa.)
Personal relationships feel like work.
Am I abnormal?
Meeting fans feel like work.
I don't like talking on the phones.
You can delete my number.
You can always learn something from people.
You can learn them from the internet.
Relationship isn't as important now.
There could be a perk from
close friends.
So you have an agenda with your friends?
If something goes wrong,
you can call Kun-hee!
(Is relationship more the better?)
(How to take care of relationships?)
I came to Korea to cut ties
with some people.
I shaved my head
and slept on the street.
I did some laundry...
Did you do that to any of us?
I made it by refusing to talk to people.
(Yong-hwa's solo song will be revealed!)
(Next Monday night will make you)
(want to stay at home.)
Subtitles by OnDemandKorea